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《异趣•同辉——清代广东外销艺术精品展》

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安徽博物院、广东省博物馆共同主办的“异趣•同辉——清代广东外销艺术精品展”,已经在2015年12月24日在安徽博物院新馆开始展览了,展览分为八个部分,多角度、全方位地让观众欣赏、了解这些清代外销艺术精品。展出的广绣、广彩、广雕、外销画、外销银器、外销漆器、外销扇、名片盒等,无不洋溢着中华民族的传统风格、广州本土的审美趣味,又散发着西洋的异国情调,中国外销艺术品是十八、十九世纪中西海贸背景下中国文化与西方文化的一次相遇,也是广东本土文化与欧洲文化的一次对话。到了1840年,和平的海贸与艺术交流结束了,随之而来的是中西之间的对抗与仇视,中国人,连同他的艺术被西方轻视。
第一部分  广绣
广绣是以广州为中心的珠江三角洲民间刺绣工艺的总称,以构图饱满、繁而不乱、色彩艳丽、装饰性强见长。明清时期,广绣吸收了西洋油画的艺术风格和明暗透视及光线折射的原理,形成了独特风格,是中国四大名绣之一。这种中西结合的风格深合西方人的审美趣味,所以在欧美大受欢迎。

Canton Embroidery
Canton embroidery is a general term for folk embroidery products of the Pearl River Delta region, which takes Guangdong as the center, famous for full composition, complex and orderly with bright color and strong decoration. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Guangdong embroidery formed its unique style by absorbing artistic style of Western oil painting and the principle of perspective and light refraction, becoming one of the Four Famous Embroideries in China. It was popular in Europe and the United States, for it combined the Chinese style with the Western style, catering for the taste of the Westerners.

第二部分  广彩

广彩是广州织金彩瓷的简称,是广州工匠将景德镇的白瓷按照西方人的审美习惯加彩烘烧而成,主要用于外销。广彩是中西文化交流的结晶,它既有中国传统彩绘艺术风格,又吸收了欧美的艺术精华;既保存了中国传统纹饰,又创造性地采用了西方的历史故事、宗教题材、神话传说和风俗人情为图案加以装饰。

Kwon-glazed Porcelain
Kwon-glazed porcelain, also named as Guangdong-decorated export ware, is the abbreviation of the Weaving Gold Polychrome Porcelain made in Guangzhou. White glazed porcelain purchased from Jingdezhen was painted and fired in Guangzhou according to Western aesthetic taste, mainly sold abroad. Guangdong-decorated export ware has the artistic style of traditional Chinese painting and absorbs European and American type of art .It keeps traditional Chinese pattern and is decorated with the design of Western historical stories, religious themes, myths and legends as well as customs.

第三部分  广雕

广雕指在广州地区生产的具有岭南特色的雕刻工艺品,包括牙雕、骨雕、贝雕、木雕、玳瑁雕等。清代以来,广雕融入西方文化元素,形成构图新颖别致、造型生动逼真、雕工精巧细腻的艺术特色。

Canton Carving
Canton Carving is a kind of carved handicrafts made in Guangzhou area with characteristics of Lingnan region, including ivory carving, bone carving, shell carving, wood carving, hawksbill carving, etc .Since the Qing Dynasty, Western cultural elements have been introduced into Canton carving, which forms its artistic characteristics of novel and unique composition, vivid shape and delicate technique.


第四部分  外销画

外销画产生并兴盛于18、19世纪,集中在广州十三行(今文化公园)一带。为迎合西方社会盛行的热衷“中国趣味”的风尚,广州画师采用西方的绘画颜料和技法,绘制带有中国风情的图画,销售给来华的洋人。外销画绘画种类多样,有布本油画、象牙油画、玻璃油画、通草水彩、纸本水粉、线描画等。

Export Painting
Chinese Export painting appeared and became popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, centering in the Thirteen Hongs of Guangzhou (now Culture Park). In order to cater for the taste of Western fashion of “Chinese Taste”, Chinese painters took the Western pigment and technique to paint natural scenery and custom of China and sold to the foreigners who came to China. There were different kinds of Chinese export paintings , such as  oil on canvas ,oil on ivory ,oil on glass , watercolor on gouache , watercolor on paper and line drawing, etc.

第五部分  外销壁纸

中国壁纸是18、19世纪外销商品中的一种时髦饰品,以花鸟、风景、生产、生活等题材为主。通常每幅长12英尺,宽4英尺,一般成套制成,形成一系列连续的景象,可以贴满整个房间。

Export Wallpaper
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Chinese wallpaper was a kind of fashionable commodities of export goods. Most popular themes of Chinese wallpaper were Chinese flowers, birds, landscape, production and ordinary life. Normally, it was 12 feet long and 4 feet wide for a piece of wallpaper made of a series of consecutive pictures, which could be used to cover an entire room.


第六部分  外销银器

外销银器的生产制作在清代的广州盛极一时。外销银器的店铺主要集中在广州商馆区的同文街、靖远街及河南花地一带。由于广州工匠生产的银器工艺精湛、效率非凡、价格低廉,深得有使用和收藏银器传统的西方人的喜好,他们往往通过行商或自行向银器铺订购银器。

Export Silverware
Export silverware production was popular Guangzhou in the Qing Dynasty. Silverware shops were centered in the Foreign Factories in New China Street, Old China Street and Huadi of Henan District. Due to the exquisite arts and crafts, efficient production and low price, silverwares made in Guangzhou were welcome by Westerners who had the hobby to use and collect silverware. They used to order silverware by firms or buy in silverware shops in person.


第七部分  外销漆器

中国是漆器的故乡,早在六千多年前的河姆渡文化遗址中就已经出现了漆器。18世纪,中国外销到欧洲的家具以漆木家具为主,多采用黑漆描金的装饰手法,式样大到厨柜、桌椅、屏风,小到扇子、针线盒、工具箱等无所不包。多数家具的木胎事先由订购地做好,再不远万里船运至广州,广州漆匠髹漆彩绘后再返运回订购地。

Export Lacquer Ware
China is the hometown of lacquer ware .Lacquer wares were found in the Hemudu Culture Site of the early 6000 years ago .In the 18th century, Chinese furniture exported to European were mainly made of lacquer. Gold-traced lacquer painting was the main decorative method. Styles were various, including kitchen cabinets, tables and chairs, screens, fans, sewing box and toolbox, etc. Wood used for furniture production was ordered in advance and transported to Guangzhou. Having been painted, lacquered and foil coated in Guangzhou, lacquer was transported to the place where it was ordered.

第八部分  外销扇

十八、十九世纪,广州外销扇风靡欧美,身着华丽晚礼服的宫廷贵妇都竞相以手执一柄小巧精致,极具东方情趣的扇子为时尚。这些专供外销的扇子与中国传统扇有着明显区别,它们色彩艳丽,纹饰华美,材质多样。

Export Fan
Canton export fan was popular in Europe and the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries. Noble ladies in palace with Oriental -style fans were fashion. These export fans are obviously different from the Chinese traditional fans. They are bright in color, elegant in design and various in materials.


第九部分  名片盒

十八世纪末到十九世纪,名片在欧美社会的社交圈内广泛使用,用以放置名片的名片盒成为绅士淑女的随身之物,甚至是重要配饰。它们外型纤巧、材质多样、精致优雅,是集铸造、雕刻、镶嵌、绘画等艺术于一身的工艺作品。

Business Card Box
At the end of the Eighteenth Century to the Nineteenth Century, business cards were widely used in social circle in Europe and the United States. Business card box became something personal or even import accessories of gentlemen and ladies. Being delicate in appearance, diverse in materials exquisite and graceful, they are artworks, centering arts and crafts of casting, carving, mosaic art and painting, etc. in one.

 

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